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Introduction For decades, African leaders have boarded planes to Europe, North America, Asia, and the Middle East in search of foreign aid. Every year, countless international conferences, donor meet

In the years following Ghana’s independence in 1957, one of the most influential political and intellectual concepts articulated by Kwame Nkrumah was “neo-colonialism.” For Nkrumah, independence did not mark the end of foreign domination in Africa. Instead, he argued that a new, more subtle form of